USE 5 REFERENCES
TOPIC – ADHD
SAMPLE INCLUDED
NRNP 6665
WK3 PRESCRIBING MEDICATIONS
Learning Resources
Required Readings (click to expand/reduce)
Hilt, R. J., & Nussbaum, A. M. (2016). DSM-5 pocket guide for child and adolescent mental health. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
· Chapter 14, “Psychosocial Interventions”
· Chapter 15, “Psychotherapeutic Interventions”
· Chapter 16, “Psychopharmacological Interventions”
Thapar, A., Pine, D. S., Leckman, J. F., Scott, S., Snowling, M. J., & Taylor, E. A. (2015). Rutter’s child and adolescent psychiatry (6th ed.). Wiley Blackwell.
· Chapter 43, “Pharmacological, Medically-Led and Related Treatments”
Walden University. (n.d.). Developing SMART goals. https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/ld.php?content_id=51901492
Zakhari, R. (2020). The psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner certification review manual. Springer.
· Chapter 5, “Psychopharmacology”
Required Media (click to expand/reduce)
CriticalThinkRx. (2019, June 9). Module 5: Specific drug classes: Focus on adverse effects [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/Gbq6RnOsGKQ
CriticalThinkRx. (2019, June 9). Module 2: Use of psychotropics with youth_prevalence and concerns [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/NRef-g4Ding
Assignment 1: Prescribing for Children and Adolescents
Off-label prescribing is when a physician gives you a drug that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved to treat a condition different than your condition. This practice is legal and common. In fact, one in five prescriptions written today are for off-label use.
—Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Photo Credit: Getty Images/Ingram Publishing
Psychotropic drugs are commonly used for children and adolescents to treat mental health disorders, yet many of these drugs are not FDA approved for use in these populations. Thus, their use is considered “off-label,” and it is often up to the best judgment of the prescribing clinician. As a PMHNP, you will need to apply the best available information and research on pharmacological treatments for children in order to safely and effectively treat child and adolescent patients. Sometimes this will come in the form of formal studies and approvals for drugs in children. Other times you may need to extrapolate from research or treatment guidelines on drugs in adults. Each individual patient case will need to be considered independently and each treatment considered from a risk assessment standpoint. What psychotherapeutic approach might be indicated as an initial treatment? What are the potential side effects of a particular drug?
For this Assignment, you consider these questions and others as you explore FDA-approved (“on label”) pharmacological treatments, non-FDA-approved (“off-label”) pharmacological treatments, and nonpharmacological treatments for disorders in children and adolescents.
Reference:
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2015). Off-label drugs: What you need to know.
https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-i
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Week 3-Prescribing for Children and Adolescents
Holly Bowling
Walden University
NRNP 6665: PMHNP Care Across the Lifespan I
Dr. Pamela Mokoko
March 21, 2021
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Week 3-Prescribing for Children and Adolescents
There are many different treatment options for those suffering from ADHD including
medication management, counseling, and behavioral treatment, with sometimes a combination of
all three being necessitated for many clients. However, the overall goal of any treatment for
someone with ADHD is to help increase their attention span, slow their activity level, and
decrease their impulsiveness to help them perform better in school, and build better relationships
with their family and peers (Krull, 2019). Because not all drugs for ADHD are approved by the
FDA for adolescents, some practitioners may choose to avoid using such medications in their
treatment regimens for children, as there is typically not as much research done, however, that
does not necessarily mean the drug is not safe. It is up to the advanced practitioner to know what
drugs FDA and non-FDA are approved, as well as understanding the potential risk and benefits
of both. With that being said, the following paper will discuss FDA and non-FDA-approved
medications for the use of ADHD, with risks and benefits, as well as nonpharmacological
treatment options that may prove to be beneficial.
FDA-Approved Drug/Risk and Benefits
One FDA-approved medication I would suggest would be that of Methylphenidate
(MPH), with the trade name of Ritalin or Concerta. MPH is a stimulant and is considered a first-
line pharmacological agent in the treatment of ADHD in children and adolescents (Inglis et al.,
2016). MPH is one of the most commonly used stimulants for the treatment of ADHD and has
been shown to have positive effects on the core symptoms of ADHD, such as an increase in
concentration, attention, and focus (Inglis et al., 2016). MPH and other stimulants have also been
shown to help reduce the risk of subsequent cigarette smoking and alcohol and substance use
disorders, as well as be positively associated with improved academic achievement in elementary
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school children, improved health-related quality of life in children and adolescents, and
improved brain dysfunction (Shier, Reichenbacher, Ghuman, & Ghuman, 2012). Some common
adverse effects that can be seen with stimulants include appetite suppression, stomachache,
insomnia, a
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