Chapter 13
In describing the role of the therapist in structural family therapy, the therapist should never be a ‘player’ in the family interaction, but instead works to change the family structure without becoming a part of it. Discuss how this can be done and why it is important to not become a part of the family structure.
Chapter 14
1. Paradoxical interventions are controversial and powerful techniques used by strategic family therapists in the change process. What are these interventions and what makes them so controversial? Take a position for or against the use of paradox and defend your position.
(One double spaced page each)
Structural Family Therapy
Chapter 13
Chapter 13
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Structural Family Therapy
Initially based on the experiences of Salvador Minuchin and his colleagues at the Wiltwyck School
Major thesis: Individual’s symptoms are best understood when examined in the context of family interactional patterns
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Major Theorists
Salvador Minuchin
Braulo Montalvo
Bernice Rosman
Harry Aponte
Charles Fishman
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Salvador Minuchin
Medical director of the Wiltwyck School
Director of the Philadelphia Child Guidance Clinic
Created the Institute for Family Counseling
Has written several books, including Families and Family Therapy and Mastering Family Therapy: Journeys of Growth and Transformation.
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Premises of the Theory
Every family has a family structure.
The structure is revealed only when the family is in action.
Structure influences families for better or worse.
Emphasizes the family as a whole, as well as interactions between subunits of family members.
Recognizes the potential for coalitions.
Stable coalition
Detouring coalition
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Premises of the Theory
A person’s symptoms are best understood as rooted in the context of family transaction patterns.
Subsystems, or small units of the system as a whole, exist to carry out various family tasks.
Spousal subsystem
Parental subsystem
Sibling subsystem
Boundaries, the physical and psychological factors that separate people from another and organize them, must be clear for healthy functioning
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Premises of the Theory
Boundaries, the physical and psychological factors that separate people from another and organize them, must be clear for healthy functioning
Strengths of boundaries represented in structural family mapping systems
Clear Boundaries
Rigid Boundaries
Diffuse Boundaries
Triangulation
Alignments
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Premises of the Theory
Roles – positions under which families operate
Rules – behaviors first developed may be adhered to regardless of the changes that have occurred within the family
Power – ability to get something done
Dysfunctional Sets – family reactions, developed in response to stress, that are repeated without modification whenever there is family conflict
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Treatment Techniques
Joining – “process of coupling that occurs between the therapist and the family, leading to the development of the therapeutic system” (Sauber et al., 1985, p. 95)
Tracking – following the content of the family
Mimesis – therapist becomes like the family
Confirmation of a family member – using an affective word to reflect an expressed or unexpressed feeling of that family member
Accommodation – adjustments made by the therapist to achieve a therapeutic alliance
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Treatment Techniques
Reframing – changing a perception by explaining a situation from a different context
Punctuation – the way a person describes a situation, that is, begins and ends a sentence, due to a selective perspective or emotional involvement in an event
Un
Strategic Family Therapy
Chapter 14
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Strategic Family Therapies
Strategic Family Therapies are method oriented and brief in duration.
Influenced by the work of Milton Erickson
Three distinct branches of strategic family therapy
The strategic family therapists of the mental research institute
The strategic family therapists of the Family Therapy Institute (Jay Haley)
The strategic family therapists of the Milan Institute
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Strategic Family Therapy: Influence of Milton Erickson
The term, strategic therapy, was coined by Jay Haley to describe the work of Milton Erickson
Milton Erickson
Especially attuned to the power of the unconscious mind as a creative, often positive, solution-generating entity
Paid particular attention to details of the symptoms his clients presented
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Milton Erickson
Achieved his objected in therapy through the following procedures:
Accepting and emphasizing the positive
Using indirect and ambiguously worded directives
Encouraging or directing routine behaviors so that resistance is shown through change and not through normal and continuous actions
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Major Strategic Theorists
Paul Watzlawick
John Weakland
Jay Haley
Cloé Madanes
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Jay Haley
Learned hypnosis from Erickson in 1953
Incorporated much of Erickson’s ideas into his own concepts about how to do therapy
First editor of the initial journal in the field of family therapy, Family Process.
Helped to organize the Institute for Family Counseling
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Cloé Madanes
Born and raised in Argentina
Gentler in her approach to strategic family therapy than Haley
Developed the pretend technique
One of her lasting contributions was in the areas of sex and violence
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Premises of the Theory
Follows many of Milton Erickson’s principles
Emphasize short-term treatment of about 10 sessions
“No one evaluates which solutions have so far been attempted for the patient’s problems” (Priebe & Pommerien, 1992, p. 433)
Concentrates on seven dimensions
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Dimensions of Strategic Family Therapy
Family rules: overt and covert rules families use to govern themselves
Family homeostasis: tendency of the family to remain in its pattern of functioning unless challenged to do otherwise
Quid pro quo: responsiveness of family members to treating others in the way they are treated
Redundancy principle: fact that a family interacts within a limited range of repetitive behavioral sequences
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Dimensions of Strategic Family Therapy
Punctuation: idea that people in a transaction believe that what they say is caused by what others say
Symmetrical relationships and complementary relationships: fact that relationships within a family are both among equals (symmetrical) and among unequals (complementary)
Circular causality: idea that one event does not cause another, but that events are interconnected and that the factors behind a behavior are multiple
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Treatment Techniques
Refr
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