RMRP#7
Now that you have completed the first six assignments, it is time to complete your research project for the course. Include the following sections in your submission.
· Title Page
· Table of Contents
· Executive Summary
· Introduction
· Statement of the Problems
· Literature Review
· Research Objectives
· Research Questions and Hypotheses
· Research Methodology, Design, and Methods
. Research Methodology
. Research Design
. Research Methods
. Data Collection Methods
. Sampling Design
. Data Analysis Procedures
· Data Analysis: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing
· Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing
· Findings
· Recommendations
· References
Please follow the
Unit VII project template
to complete your assignment.
Please refer to the
Course Project Guidance document
for help.
The title and reference pages do not count toward the page requirement for this assignment. This assignment should be no less than three pages in length, follow APA-style formatting and guidelines, and use references and citations as necessary.
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Insert Title Here
Insert Your Name Here
Insert University Here
Course Name Here
Instructor Name
Date
Table of Contents
Include the table of contents here. There is a tool for creating a table of contents in the References tab of the Microsoft Word tool bar at the top of the screen. Delete instructions and examples highlighted in yellow before submitting this assignment.
Executive Summary
The executive summary will go here. The paragraphs are not indented, and it should be formatted like an abstract. The executive summary should be composed after the project is complete. It will be the final step in the project. Delete instructions and examples highlighted in yellow before submitting this assignment.
Introduction
Note: The following introduction should remain in the research project unchanged. Delete instructions and examples highlighted in yellow before submitting this assignment.
Senior leadership at Sun Coast has identified several areas for concern that they believe could be solved using business research methods. The previous director was tasked with conducting research to help provide information to make decisions about these issues. Although data were collected, the project was never completed. Senior leadership is interested in seeing the project through to fruition. The following is the completion of that project, and includes statement of the problems, literature review, research objectives, research questions and hypotheses, research methodology, design, and methods, data analysis, findings, and recommendations.
Statement of Problems
Note: The following statement of the problems should remain in the research project unchanged. Delete instructions and examples highlighted in yellow before submitting this assignment.
Six business problems were identified:
Particulate Matter (PM)
There is a concern that job-site particle pollution is adversely impacting employee health. Although respirators are required in certain environments, particulate matter (PM) varies in size depending on the project and job site. PM between 10 and 2.5 microns can float in the air for minutes to hours (e.g. asbestos, mold spores, pollen, cement dust, fly ash), while PM less than 2.5 microns can float in the air for hours to weeks (e.g. bacteria, viruses, oil smoke, smog, soot). Due to the smaller size of PM less than 2.5 microns, it is potentially more harmful than PM between 10 and 2.5 since the conditions are more suitable for inhalation. PM less than 2.5 are also able to be inhaled into the deeper regions of the lungs, potentially causing more deleterious health effects. It would be helpful to understand if there is a relationship between PM size and employee health. PM air quality data have been collected from 103 job sites, which is recorded in microns. Data are also available for average annual sick days per employee per job-site.
Safety Training Effectiveness
Health and Safety training is conducted for each new co
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Literature Review
Literature Review
Based on Sun Coast Data, there are various issues facing the organization. An analysis of the case established six main problems affecting the organization. This section of the project is the literature review where an article that is related to each of the business problems is analyzed in this literature review to establish the credibility of the authors, the purpose of the studies, results & findings, and how they relate to the business problems in Sun Coast.
Particulate Matter (PM) Article
Yao, Y., Pan, J., Wang, W., Liu, Z., Kan, H., Meng, X., & Wang, W. (2020). Spatial correlation
of particulate matter pollution and death rate of COVID-19. MedRxiv.
This article is a correlation analysis of the particulate matter pollution and death rate in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. All the report authors are members of the School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, and have a Ph.D. in public health-related courses. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between exposure to particulate matter, worsening of health, and incidences of death among the patients. The methodology used in cross-sectional analysis and the study results is that the patients’ death rate was associated with particulate matter regardless of the location of the patients.
Safety Training Effectiveness Article
Sharma, R., & Mishra, D. K. (2020). The role of safety training in original equipment
impacts companies on employee perception of knowledge, towards, and safety, and safe work environment. International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering, 10(5), 689-698.
The article’s authors are the Symbiosis Institute of International Business, Symbiosis International (Deemed University). The data collection was done using surveys, and the data was analyzed using SPSS. The research findings show a positive correlation between safety training and learning. If Sun Coast wants to enhance the preparedness of the staff, they can do so through safety training.
Sound-Level Exposure Article
Kou, L., Kwan, M., & Chai, Y. (2021). Living with urban sounds: Understanding the
effects of human mobilities on personal sound exposure and psychological health. Geoforum, 126, 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.07.011
The purpose of the research is to look at the effect of sound exposure on the health of individuals in urban centers. The data collection was done through in-depth interviews, after which data analysis was done to establish the relationship between the variables. The research design for the study was exploratory. The findings show that the people in the urban centers go through psychological stress because of exposure to elevated levels of
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Sun Coast Remediation
Sun Coast Remediation
Research Objectives, Research Questions, and Hypotheses
In Sun Coast, companies can get remediation services. The company works with businesses and governmental organizations to help remove toxins from the water and the air. Sun Coast cares about the wellbeing of the staff who work for them, but six primary business problems have been identified in the organization. To help solve the business problems identified, the following are the research objectives, research questions, and hypotheses.
RO1: Determine if the job site particulate matter pollution affects employees’ health.
RQ1: Is there a relationship between particulate matter pollution and employee health?
Ho1: There is no statistically significant relationship between particulate matter pollution and employee health. (Majid, 2018)
Ha1: There is a statistically significant relationship between particulate matter pollution and employee health.
RO2: To determine if safety training reduces the lost time hours.
RQ2: Is there a relationship between the safety training and the lost time hours?
Ho2: There is no significant relationship between safety training and lost time hours.
Ha2: There is a significant relationship between safety training and lost time hours.
RO3: To determine the relationship between sound-level exposure and the cost of hearing protection. (Ernst & Smith, 2018)
RQ3: Is there a relationship between the sound-level exposure and the cost of hearing protection?
Ho3: There is no significant relationship between the sound-level exposure and the cost of hearing protection.
Ha3: There is a significant relationship between sound-level exposure and the cost of hearing equipment.
RO4: To determine the effectiveness of the new employee training program.
RQ4: Is the new employee training program effective at helping employees observe the health and safety measures?
Ho4: The new employee training program is not adequate compared to the prior training program. (Majid, 2018)
Ha4: The new employee training program is effective compared to the prior training program.
RO5: To determine whether lead levels in the blood have increased.
RQ5: Is there a relationship between lead exposure at the workplace and the lead levels in the blood for the employees? (Nayak & Singh, 2021)
Ho5: There is no significant relationship between lead exposure and the lead levels in the blood for the employees.
Ha5: There is a significant relationship between lead exposure and the lead levels in the blood for the employees.
RO6: To determine the ROI for the different lines of service.
RQ6: Is the ROI for the different lines of service other? (Nayak & Singh, 2021)
Ho6: There is no significant difference between the
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Research Methodology, Design, and Methods
Research Methodology, Design, and Methods
The Sun Coast is focused on promoting the welfare and ensuring the safety of its employees. It has engaged in extensive research to determine the appropriate solutions in reducing and mitigating several issues and risks involved in the organization. The study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the particulate matter and the employees’ exposure and its impact on their health. The research also aims to determine how noise levels and lead poisoning can be influenced by employee training. The objective of the study is thus to compare the safety training material to evaluate the effectiveness in managing the established issues in the company. The research will utilize quantitative methodology because it is effectively rooted in positivism approaches. This approach will effectively determine the correlation between specific aspects and enable a more straightforward interpretation of the data collected.
Research Methodology
Quantitative methodology is the most appropriate approach for this study. This is because quantitative methodologies are best rooted in positivism philosophies, which effectively illustrate different business problems (Loewen et al., 2019). This enables examining the relationship between the particulate matter and employee health and the statistically significant correlation between the size of particulate matter and employee health. This is because the relationship is best determined using statistical methods, effectively determined through quantitative approaches. Quantitative methodology is better suited for this study than qualitative methods because it utilizes more statistical data and analysis.
Research Design
The study will utilize a descriptive non-experimental research design. This is because descriptive approaches are best suitable in quantitative methods, especially in explaining statistical data. It will also be effective for this study because it is highly structured and uses statistical analysis effective for testing formal hypotheses.
Research Methods
Descriptive statistical research methods shall be incorporated with correlational methods to ensure the reliability of the research, mainly since the study cannot be conducted in a controlled experiment (Mishra, 2019). Combining the two research methods will effectively lead to a better examination of the relationship between the size of particulate matter and employee health and the relationship between the time lost in safety training and effectiveness in employee safety performance.
Data Collection Methods
Several data collection methods shall be used in this study, including online surveys through email
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Data Analysis
Data Analysis: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing
Correlation: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing
Frequency Distribution Table
PM Size
Frequency
0-1
8
2-4
24
5-7
37
8-10
34
Sick Days
Frequency
0-2
1
4-7
61
8-9
30
10-12
11
Histogram
Descriptive Statistics Table
Microns
Mean
5.6573
Standard Error
0.2556
Median
6
Mode
8
Standard deviation
2.5941
Sample variance
6.729
Kurtosis
-0.8522
Skewness
0.3733
Range
9.8
Minimum
0.2
Maximum
10
Sum
582.7
Count
103
Largest
10
Smallest
0.2
Confidence
0.507
Level
7
Sick Days
Mean
7.126
Standard Error
0.1865
Median
7
Mode
7
Standard deviation
1.8923
Sample variance
3.582
Kurtosis
0.1249
Skewness
0.1422
Range
10
Minimum
2
Maximum
12
Sum
734
Count
103
Largest
112
Smallest
2
Confidence
Level
0.3699
Therefore, the used hypothesis include;
Ho; The sample data are not significantly different from the average population.
Ha; Sample data are not significantly different from the average population depicted.
Kurtosis depicts -0.8522, and skewness of 0.373 is close to zero and lies within the range of -2 to 2. This indicates that the data is symmetrical, as confirmed by the mean and median.
The null hypothesis is accepted.
Measurement Scale
The measurement scale is ordinal.
The measure of Central Tendency
The measure of central tendency is determined through the mean. The normal distribution means that the data graph gives the shape of a bell curve.
Skewness and Kurtosis
Kurtosis depicts -0.8522, and skewness of 0.373 is close to zero and lies within the range of -2 to 2.
Evaluation
The normal distribution means that the data graph gives the shape of a bell curve. Kurtosis depicts -0.8522, and skewness of 0.373 is close to zero and lies within the range of -2 to 2.
Simple Regression: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing
Frequency Distribution Table
Expenditure
Frequency
20-500
108
501-1000
76
1001-1500
27
1501-2000
11
2001-2500
1
Time
Frequency
0-50
6
51-100
26
101-200
98
201-300
85
301-00
8
Histogram
Descriptive Statistics Table
Safety Training Expenditure
Mean
595.98
Standard Error
31.477
Median
507.78
Mode
234
Standard Deviation
470.0552
Sample variance
220948.9
Kurtosis
0.444
Skewness
0.951
Range
2251.4
Minimum
20.6
Maximum
2271.86
Su
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Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing
Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing
Correlation: Hypothesis Testing
Ho1: There is no statistically significant relationship between particulate matter pollution and employee health.
Ha1: There is a statistically significant relationship between particulate matter pollution and employee health.
job site
microns
mean annual sick days per employee
job site
1
microns
-0.097793758
1
mean annual sick days per employee
0.056174631
-0.715984185
1
There is a strong correlation between the variables; the amount of microns available in the job sites determines the mean annual sick days for the employees. The more microns, the more employees take sick days (Gupta & Kapoor, 2020). The person correlation coefficient obtained from the multiple regression shows a strong relationship between the variables which means that the null hypothesis should be created.
Simple Regression: Hypothesis Testing
Ho2: There is no significant relationship between safety training and lost time hours.
Ha2: There is a significant relationship between safety training and lost time hours.
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics
Multiple R
0.915446939
R Square
0.838043099
Adjusted R Square
0.836439565
Standard Error
17.56799095
Observations
103
ANOVA
df
SS
MS
F
Significance F
Regression
1
161299.2943
161299.2943
522.6227
1.02549E-41
Residual
101
31172.06491
308.634306
Total
102
192471.3592
Coefficients
Standard Error
t Stat
P-value
Lower 95%
Upper 95%
Lower 95.0%
Upper 95.0%
Intercept
235.2032892
5.086012115
46.24512955
8.77E-70
225.1140093
245.2925691
225.1140093
245.292569
X Variable 1
-0.108413156
0.004742287
-22.86094267
1.03E-41
-0.117820578
-0.099005734
-0.117820578
-0.09900573
Based on the r, R squared, the ANOVA F value of 522.6227, there is statistical significance between the variables, and hence the null hypothesis should be rejected(George & Mallery, 2018).
Multiple Regression: Hypothesis Testing
Ho3: There is no significant relationship between the sound-level exposure and the cost of hearing protection.
Ha3: There is a significant relationship between sound-level exposure and the cost of hearing equipment.
SUMMARY OUTPUT
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Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing
Data Analysis: Hypothesis Testing
Independent Samples t-Test: Hypothesis Testing
Ho4: The new employee training program is inadequate compared to the prior training program.
Ha4: The new employee training program is effective compared to the prior training program.
t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means
Variable 1
Variable 2
Mean
69.79032258
84.77419
Variance
122.004495
26.96457
Observations
62
62
Pearson Correlation
0.060325473
Hypothesized Mean Difference
0
df
61
t Stat
-9.899218434
P(T<=t) one-tail 1.31149E-14 t Critical one-tail 1.670219484 P(T<=t) two-tail 2.62299E-14 t Critical two-tail 1.999623585 The results show a p-value of 2.62299E-14, which is less than 0.5, and this means that the null hypotheses should be rejected; there is statistical significance between the variables. This shows that the new employee training program is more effective when compared to previous programs used. Dependent Samples (Paired Samples) t-Test: Hypothesis Testing Ho5: There is no significant relationship between lead exposure and the lead levels in the blood for the employees. Ha5: There is a significant relationship between lead exposure and the lead levels in the blood for the employees. t-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means 1 6 Mean 25.5 33.41667 Variance 196 137.9929 Observations 48 48 Pearson Correlation 0.983498243 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 df 47 t Stat -16.9236878 P(T<=t) one-tail 6.28591E-22 t Critical one-tail 1.677926722 P(T<=t) two-tail 1.25718E-21 t Critical two-tail 2.011740514 The p-value is 1.25718E-21, and this is less than the alpha 0.05. This p-value shows that the null hypothesis should be rejected, which means a significant relationship between lead exposure and the lead levels of blood in the employees in Sun Coast. ANOVA: Hypothesis Testing Ho6: There is no significant difference between the ROI of the different lines. Ha6: There is a significant difference between the ROI of the different lines of service ANOVA: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Count Sum Average Variance Column 1 20 178 8.9 9.357895 Column 2 20 182 9.1 3.042105 Column 3 20 140 7 6.631579 Column 4 20 108 5.4 1.410526 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value
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