7 Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Background
Cells come in all different sizes and shapes. They are classified into two major groups based on structure. Prokaryotic cells are much smaller and do not contain any membrane-bound organelle. Eukaryotic cells are larger and contain numerous membrane-bound organelles. Prokaryotic cells will be examined in the laboratory exercise that will survey the diversity of life on earth. This laboratory exercise will focus on the structure of the two most common types of eukaryotic cells: plant and animal cells.
To appreciate the cell in action, watch
by BioVisions at Harvard University (3 min 12 sec). This video shows movement of organelles and substances inside your cells in real time.
Purpose
· Prepare wet mounts of plant and animal cells for microscope observation.
· Use the light microscope to compare and contrast the structure of plant vs. animal cells.
Materials (demonstrated in video)
· Microscope
· Microscope slides and cover slips
· Toothpick
· Water (or 0.9% sodium chloride solution)
· Medicine dropper
· Methylene blue (or iodine) stain
· Elodea plant
· Cheek cells
· Online: Virtual microscope with plant slide (Links to an external site.)
Procedure for plant cell
1. Viewhow to prepare a wet mount of an Elodea leaf (Links to an external site.)
(2 min 30 sec)
To create a wet mount of an Elodea leaf, this general procedure was followed.
1. Put a drop of water on the center of a slide.
2. Cut an extremely small piece of an Elodea leaf and place it on the water.
3. Place a coverslip onto the slide.
2. Observe the plant cell slide under the virtual microscope by following this procedure.
1. Go to the virtual microscope. (Links to an external site.)
2. Click Launch and then Explore
3. Click the “?” in the microscope slide box
4. In the slide catalogue, select “Plant Slides”.
5. Inside, select “Plant Cells.” The virtual microscope loads the Plant cell slide at the center of the stage. You will see a blurry green field of view.
6. Click “10X” (low power objective lens). Watch as the nosepiece moves until the low power objective lens clicks in. Use your mouse to adjust the Coarse Focus until the image is in focus. Fine tune it using the Fine Focus. Slowly slide the Light Adjust to the right to obtain optimum brightness. Click on the field of view to move the plant side. Draw the image of plant cells in the field of view for low power.
7. Click “40X” (high power objective lens). This time, only adjust the Fine Focus & Light Adjust to obtain the clearest image with optimum light. Moving the Coarse Focus will endanger the lens & slide and make you lose your focus.
8. Draw the image in the field of view for high power.
Drawing of plant cells: label cell and observed organelles.
Procedure for animal cell
1. ViewCheek Epithelial Cells (Links to an external site.)
(3 min 52 sec) to observe how to prepare a wet mount of human cheek cell and view images
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