Case Study Question from Chapter 11:
“Emily was sick of her husband, Ralph, coming home at night and immediately starting to watch television. He expected her to serve him dinner- a meat and two veggies- and to be quiet so he could watch his shows” (Gladding, 2019, p. 255). One day Emily casually askes her husband if he would consider attending couple’s counseling. He reluctantly consents, as an act to please his wife. If you were this couple’s therapist, which techniques of Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Family Counseling would you consider and why?
Chapter 11
Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral family therapy do not focus on the affective domain. How does this limit the usefulness of the approach? How would you work with a client who focuses primarily in the affective domain?
Chapter 12
Discuss Carl Whitaker’s statement “experience, not education . . . changes families.” What evidence is there for the effectiveness of Whitaker’s approach? How would you determine when termination is indicated? How would you measure success?
(Equivalent of 1 typed double-spaced page per question)
Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Family Therapies
Chapter 11
Chapter 11
1
Behavioral Family Therapy (B F T)
Fairly recent treatment methodology
Origins in research on modification of children’s actions by parents
Treatment procedures based on social learning theory
Functional Family Therapy – a type of B F T that is basically systemic
Cognitive-behavioral family therapy (C B F T) – cognitive behavioral techniques converted to a family context
Chapter 11
2
Major Theorists
Early Pioneers
John B. Watson
Mary Cover Jones
Ivan Pavlov
B. F. Skinner
First to use the term, behavioral therapy
Originator and proponent of operant conditioning
Chapter 11
3
Gerald Patterson
Credited with being the primary theorist who began the practice of applying behavioral theory to family problems
Instrumental in writing programmed workbooks for parents to employ in helping their children
Played a critical role in the extension of learning principles and techniques to family and marital problems
Has influenced other behaviorists to work from a systemic perspective in dealing with families
Chapter 11
4
Neil Jacobson
Found that 20% of male batterers, have lower hear rates during times of physical assault
Found that acceptance, or loving one’s partner as a complete person and not focusing on differences, may lead to an ability to overcome fights that continually focus on the same topic
Challenged marriage and family therapy practitioners to be more innovative and reflective in their work
Chapter 11
5
Premises of the Theory
Based on the theoretical foundations of behavioral therapy, particularly operant and classical conditioning
Maladaptive behaviors and not underlying causes should be the targets of change
Not everyone in the family has to be treated for change to occur
Emphasizes the major techniques of behavioral theory, such as stimulus, reinforcement, shaping, and modeling
Many behavioral therapists also emphasize cognitive aspects of treatment
Chapter 11
6
Behavioral Parent Training
Four styles of parenting have been identified:
Authoritative Parenting
Authoritarian Parenting
Permissive Parenting
Neglectful Parenting
One of the main tasks is to define a specific problem behavior
Parents are trained in social learning theory
Behavioral approaches with parents are known as parent-skills training and parent therapies
One example is parent-child interaction therapy
Chapter 11
7
Functional Family Therapy
Family-based, empirically supported treatment for behavioral problems, especially with adolescents
Based on the idea that all behaviors are adaptive and serve a function
Behaviors represent an effort by the family to meet needs in personal and interpersonal relationships
Relationships help family members achieve one of three interpersonal states
Contact/closeness (merging)
Distance/independence (separating)
A combination of states 1 and 2 (midpointing)
Chapter 11
8
Functional Family Therapy
Three-stage process of Functional Family Therapy:
Asses
Experiential Family Therapy
CHAPTER 12
Chapter 12
1
Experiential Family Therapy
Emerged out of the humanistic-existential psychology movement in the 1960s
Influenced heavily by Gestalt therapy, psychodrama, client-centered therapy, and the encounter group movement
Emphasizes affect.
A healthy family is one in which people openly experience life with each other in a lively manner
Chapter 12
2
Major Theorists
David Kantor
Frank Duhl
Bunny Duhl
Virginia Satir
Carl Whitaker
Chapter 12
3
Major Theorists
Bernard Guerney
Walter Kempler
Augustus Napier
Leslie Greenberg
David Keith
Chapter 12
4
Virginia Satir
Published her first book, Conjoint Family Therapy, in 1964
Described as a master of communication and originator of the family communications theory
Worked with more than 5,000 families, often in group family therapy
Her model of counseling is referred to as the human validation process model
Chapter 12
5
Carl Whitaker
Innovative, spontaneous, and unstructured
Main contribution was that of helping families get in contact with their absurdity
Challenged people to examine their view of reality
Since 1988, his approach has been called experiential symbolic family therapy
Chapter 12
6
Premises of the Theory
Families are not aware of their emotions or, if aware, they suppress them
Lack of emotional awareness and express leads to emotional deadness
The resolution is to emphasize sensitivity and feeling expression among family members
Emotional expressivity can be verbal but it often is manifested affectively or behaviorally
Emphasis placed on the present
Humanistic and phenomenological in origin, and also influenced by attachment theory
Chapter 12
7
Treatment Techniques
Therapists Who Use Few Techniques (e.g., Carl Whitaker):
Redefine symptoms as efforts for growth
Model fantasy alternatives to real-life stress
Separate interpersonal stress and intrapersonal stress
Add practical bits of intervention
Augment the despair of a family member
Promote affective confrontation
Treat children like children and not like peers
Chapter 12
8
Treatment Techniques
Therapists who use structured techniques (e.g., Virginia Satir)
Modeling of effective communication
Using “I” messages – involve the expression of feelings in a personal and responsible way and encourage others to express their opinions)
Leveling – congruent communication, in which straight, genuine, and real expressions of one’s feelings and wishes are made in an appropriate context
Chapter 12
9
Treatment Techniques
When leveling does not occur, people adopt four other roles:
Blamer: individual who attempts to place the focus on others and not take responsibility for what is happening
Placater: individual who avoids conflict at the cost of his or her integrity
Distractor: individual who says and makes irrelevant statements that divert attention from pertinent issues
Computer: rational analyzer who interacts only on a cognitive or intellectual level and acts in a “super-reasonable
Why Choose Us
- 100% non-plagiarized Papers
- 24/7 /365 Service Available
- Affordable Prices
- Any Paper, Urgency, and Subject
- Will complete your papers in 6 hours
- On-time Delivery
- Money-back and Privacy guarantees
- Unlimited Amendments upon request
- Satisfaction guarantee
How it Works
- Click on the “Place Order” tab at the top menu or “Order Now” icon at the bottom and a new page will appear with an order form to be filled.
- Fill in your paper’s requirements in the "PAPER DETAILS" section.
- Fill in your paper’s academic level, deadline, and the required number of pages from the drop-down menus.
- Click “CREATE ACCOUNT & SIGN IN” to enter your registration details and get an account with us for record-keeping and then, click on “PROCEED TO CHECKOUT” at the bottom of the page.
- From there, the payment sections will show, follow the guided payment process and your order will be available for our writing team to work on it.